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During this period, Gandhi also lost his lifelong companion, Kasturba Gandhi, and long-term secretary Mahadev Desai. While it was a time when World War II had turned the world, including India, topsy-turvy, the spectre of Partition loomed on the horizon. The fourth segment (1940-48) encapsulates the most volatile period in colonial India. When his youngest son married a Tamil girl, he spoke in Hindi to the bride and in Gujarati to his son. At the same time, he also stood for other Indian languages. Incidentally, right from the beginning of his India stint, Gandhi stood for the promotion of Hindi as a national language, even asking Tilak to speak in Hindi in a public meeting. He also launched ‘Harijan’ in English, with Hindi and Gujarati versions. He launched the all-India Harijan tour to promote abolition of untouchability and collect funds for upliftment of the marginalised community. In the third segment (1930-39), Gandhi embarked on the Dandi March from Sabarmati Ashram to protest against the salt tax. These galvanised the masses and impelled Gandhi to finally endorse Congress’ ‘Poorna Swaraj’ resolution. This period witnessed protests against Simon Commission and the subsequent atrocities by the colonial regime against the protesters. It concurrently took up social issues of untouchability, empowerment of women and Hindu-Muslim unity. This period saw Gandhi becoming a charismatic saintly leader and turning Congress from a pressure group to a mass party fighting for swarajya. The Gandhi-led Congress launched the Non-cooperation Movement, based on the cardinal principles of satya and ahimsa. The second segment (1920-29) covers the post-Gokhale and post-Tilak India.

He travelled through India on the advice of Gopal Krishna Gokhale to ‘know’ his motherland and launched his first set of satyagrahas in India - with the indigo growers of north Bihar, followed by the industrial mill workers in Ahmedabad. The first refers to the initial five years after his return. It presents in his own words the story of those eventful 34 years that were also momentous for the independence of the country. The present volume covers the later phase of his life (1914-1948), when rechristened as Mahatma, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi led the nationalist movement. The earlier volumes, also edited by his grandson Gopalkrishna Gandhi, covered his younger years as well as the time spent as a lawyer in South Africa. THIS volume is third in the series on Mahatma Gandhi that began with ‘Restless as Mercury: My Life as a Young Man’.

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